MunshiZyada tar dukandar karobar ki zakat saal mein ek bar ek muqarrara tareekh par nikalte hain: bechne wale maal ki qeemat, cash, bank balance aur woh raqam jo gahak waqai ada karenge, us mein se jald ada hone wale qarz nikaal kar. Agar baqi nisab se zyada ho to uska dhai feesad zakat hai. Yeh woh aam tareeqa hai jo bohat se ulama sikhate hain. Makatib-e-fikr aur halaat ke mutabiq tafseel badalti hai, is liye isay aasan wazahat samjhein aur apni soorat kisi motabar aalim se pakki karein.
Pehla qadam: zakat ki tareekh tay karein
Islami saal ki ek tareekh chunein aur har saal wohi rakhein. Bohat se dukandar pehli Ramzan rakhte hain kyunke Eid se pehle dukaan masroof hoti hai aur woh jaldi ada karna chahte hain. Asal baat yeh hai ke har saal ek hi tareekh ho, aur raqamein usi din ki li jayein, average nahi.
Doosra qadam: kya shumar karein
- Bechne ke liye maal: shelf aur godown ka har woh saman jo bechna hai, zakat ki tareekh ki qeemat par. Aam raye qeemat-e-farokht ki hai; kuch ulama wholesale qeemat ki ijazat dete hain.
- Cash: drawer mein, karobar ke liye ghar par rakha, aur mulazimon ke paas.
- Bank aur wallet: karobari account, JazzCash, Easypaisa.
- Achhi wasooliyan: woh udhaar jo gahak ghaliban ada karenge. Jin qarzon ke milne ki umeed na ho woh aam taur par wasool hone tak shamil nahi kiye jate.
Teesra qadam: kya shumar na karein
- Khud dukaan, shelf, fridge, tarazu, motorcycle aur karobar chalane ki doosri cheezen.
- Ghar ka zaati saman.
Chautha qadam: jald ada hone wala qarz minha karein
Bohat se ulama un qarzon ko minha karne ki ijazat dete hain jo abhi ya jald ada karne hain: supplier ka udhaar, wajib kiraya, wajib tankhwahein. Lambi muddat ke qarzon ke bare mein ulama ki raye mukhtalif hai.
Paanchwan qadam: nisab se milayein aur dhai feesad nikalein
Nisab woh kam se kam maal hai jis par zakat wajib hoti hai. Yeh sone ya chandi ki qeemat se juda hai, aur Pakistan mein bohat se log chandi ka nisab lete hain kyunke woh kam hai. Har saal elaan hone wali mojooda raqam dekhein. Agar aap ki khalis raqam is se zyada hai to dhai feesad zakat hai.
Ek misaal
Ek kiryana store ke paas zakat ki tareekh par:
- Maal qeemat-e-farokht par: 9,00,000 rupay
- Drawer aur ghar par dukaan ka cash: 60,000 rupay
- Bank aur JazzCash: 1,40,000 rupay
- Gahakon ke zimme: 3,00,000 rupay, jin mein se 40,000 do aise gahakon ke hain jo ilaqa chhor gaye aur shayad ada na karein
- Suppliers ko isi mahine dene hain: 2,00,000 rupay
Jama: 9,00,000 + 60,000 + 1,40,000 + 2,60,000 (achhi wasooliyan) = 13,60,000 rupay. Supplier ka udhaar nikalein: 13,60,000 − 2,00,000 = 11,60,000 rupay. Yeh nisab se zyada hai, is liye zakat 11,60,000 ka dhai feesad yani 29,000 rupay hai. Agar baad mein woh 40,000 wasool ho jayein to bohat se ulama ke nazdeek un par tab zakat di jati hai.
Khata kahan madad karta hai
Sab se mushkil raqamein aam taur par wasooli aur wajib-ul-ada hoti hain, kyunke woh register ke kai safhon mein bikhri hoti hain. Munshi ke saath:
- Home par Aap ko milenge (gahakon ke zimme) aur Aap ko dene hain (suppliers ko) total ke taur par nazar aate hain.
- Accounts ki list mein Not paid in 30 days ka filter dikhata hai kaun se balance purane aur shayad mashkook hain.
- Bank Book har bank aur wallet ka balance dikhati hai, aur Cash Book haath ka cash.
- Aaj ka hisab zakat ki tareekh par cash, bank, lena aur dena ek screen par dikhata hai.
Munshi stock nahi rakhta, is liye maal usi din alag ginein. Yeh zakat ka hisab bhi nahi karta: raqamein aap ki hain aur hukm aap ke aalim ka.
Aam ghaltiyan
- Zakat ki tareekh ki bajaye pichhle saal ki wasooli lena.
- Dukaan ya furniture ko zakat wala maal samajhna.
- Karobar ke liye ghar par rakha cash bhool jana.
- Doobe hue qarz ko cash ki tarah ginna.
- Supplier ka udhaar bhool jana, jisay bohat se ulama minha karne dete hain.
Khaas sooratein
Shirakat wali dukaan. Har shareek aam taur par karobar ke zakat wale maal mein apne hisse ki zakat deta hai. Zakat ki tareekh par raqamein mil kar tay karein.
Udhaar par khareeda maal jis ki payment baqi ho. Woh aap ke stock mein hai, aur wajib raqam supplier ka udhaar hai. Aam raye ke mutabiq maal ginein aur wajib udhaar minha karein.
Gahakon se li gayi peshgi raqam. Jis saman ki delivery baqi ho uski peshgi delivery tak gahak ki amanat hai; bohat se ulama isay wajib-ul-ada samajhte hain.
Zakat ke din ek ghante ki fehrist
- Shelf aur godown ka maal ginein aur qeemat lagayein.
- Drawer, ghar aur mulazimon ke paas ka cash ginein.
- Bank Book aur apps se bank aur wallet balance likhein.
- Aap ko milenge likhein aur mashkook qarz nikalein.
- Jald wajib supplier udhaar ke liye Aap ko dene hain likhein.
- Jama, tafreeq, nisab se muqabla, aur dhai feesad.
- Agle saal ke muqable ke liye raqamein likh lein.
Ramzan se pehle
Jo khata barabar ho us se yeh ek ghante ka kaam hai. Zakat ki tareekh se do hafte pehle ghalat indraaj theek karein, purane balance wale gahakon ko yaad dilayein, aur ho sake to suppliers se hisab saaf karein.
Yeh rehnumai ek aam sikhaye jane wale tareeqe ki wazahat hai, sharai fatwa nahi. Munshi DIGIT ne banaya hai.